Treatment of diabetic retinopathy focuses on controlling retinal damage, reducing swelling, and preventing further vision loss. Managing blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels is a critical foundation of care and helps slow disease progression.

In many patients, treatment includes intravitreal injections that reduce retinal swelling and abnormal blood vessel growth. Commonly used medications include Avastin, Eylea, and Vabysmo, which work by blocking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key driver of diabetic retinal changes. These treatments can significantly reduce macular edema and stabilize or improve vision.

For more advanced disease, laser treatment may be used to reduce the risk of bleeding and progression. In cases of severe bleeding or retinal detachment, vitrectomy surgery may be necessary to restore or preserve vision.

Because diabetic retinopathy can progress without early symptoms, regular eye exams and ongoing monitoring are essential. Treatment plans are individualized based on disease severity, retinal findings, and overall systemic health.