reatment of thyroid eye disease is individualized and typically addresses four main areas: the ocular surface (dryness/irritation), ocular muscle function (double vision), inflammation of orbital tissues, and appearance/proptosis. Traditional measures often begin with surface lubrication and supportive care, and in more advanced cases may include surgical approaches such as orbital decompression to create more space in the orbit and relieve pressure.

However, surgery does not directly treat the underlying driver of the disease—inflammation of the orbital tissues and extraocular muscles. A major advance in treatment is Tepezza (teprotumumab), the first FDA-approved non-surgical medication for thyroid eye disease. Tepezza is an immunologic therapy designed to address the inflammatory process and has been shown to improve symptoms such as double vision, eye irritation, pain, and soft-tissue swelling in eligible patients.

Because all treatments have potential side effects and not every patient is a candidate, the best approach is determined based on disease activity, severity, and patient-specific factors. When surgery is still needed, it may be performed after medical therapy, and outcomes can be improved when inflammation is better controlled.